Flaps in oral surgery. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently requires extensive resections and microvascular free flap reconstruction, procedures associated with re… Current postoperative nursing for oral cancer exhibits significant gaps in flap-specific interventions, dynamic nutritional assessment, personalized rehabilitation, and continuity support. Designing a flap is key to successful dentoalveolar surgery and as such should not be underestimated. Oral-maxillofacial surgeons often create flaps that contain bone and adjacent soft tissues to reconstruct the jaws Flap, indicates a section of FLAP DESIGN FOR MINOR ORAL SURGERY. A gum specialist (periodontist) or an oral surgeon often performs the procedure. Sami Stagnell is here with us today to share his tips and pearls in Oral Surgery - specifically raising flaps. It describes incision and flap design rules to avoid injury and ensure adequate blood supply. The document discusses different types of surgical incisions and flaps used in oral surgery procedures. Because of the rich vascularity of the oral mucosa, great freedom is allowed for flap design Learn about flap surgery for oral cancer, a key reconstructive procedure restoring function and appearance after tumor removal. Trapezoidal flaps provide excellent access but can cause gingival recession. . AHMAD MUSTAFA AL-TARAWNEH OMFS STAGES OF OPERATION •Retraction •Incision Reconstruction of defects of the oral cavity can be challenging. The technical procedure consisted of: (1) fabricating PEEK fiducial markers and affixing them to the designated flap donor site; (2) performing CT angiography and reconstructing the acquired two-dimensional data into a three-dimensional model incorporating the lower limb and the PEEK markers; (3) developing Long-Term Functional Outcomes of Free Flaps Versus Locoregional Flaps in Soft Tissue Reconstruction for Oral Cavity Cancer: A Systematic Review Brandon Galviz Tabares Carlos Miguel Ruiz Geithner Jonathan Pierpoline Camilo Mosquera Medicine The Journal of craniofacial surgery 2025 This monthly journal offers comprehensive coverage of new techniques, important developments and innovative ideas in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The basic flap types are: trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, semilunar, flaps created by and incisions, and pedicle flaps. Each flap's shape, uses, advantages, and disadvantages are outlined. It is usually not possible to change the flap design during surgery if the conditions of the anatomical structures, the amount of bone and/or the amount of soft tissue are not as expected. In this presentation , we will dive into the basics of flap design and its crucial role in achieving optimal outcomes. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients requiring full mouth flap surgery were selected for this study. The advent of microvascular free flaps with or without bone, in particular, has caused a paradigm shift in our ability to reconstruct previously difficult defects due to their size or position. Oral Surgeon Dr. Practice-applicable articles help develop the methods used to handle dentoalveolar surgery, facial injuries and deformities, TMJ disorders, oral cancer, jaw reconstruction, anesthesia and analgesia. In this chapter, we review oral anatomy, classification, indications, and complications of common oral flap techniques; common flap designs are illustrated, and their fundamental principles are highlighted. PDF | On May 13, 2020, Randa Abdulmoein AlFotawi published Flap Techniques in Dentoalveolar Surgery | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Objective To review state-of-the-art modifications and advances in soft tissue local and regional flap reconstruction of the oral cavity and to determine the role these techniques play in current pr Designed as a true myocutaneous flap pedicled on the facial artery, the nasolabial flap is a robust and versatile flap that is well suited to single-stage reconstruction of oral cavity defects or to staged reconstructions of facial defects (Figure 1). Dental flap surgery, also known as periodontal flap surgery or simply flap surgery, is a dental procedure commonly performed by periodontists to treat advanced gum disease. Flap: The word flap, when used to describe a surgical procedure, indicates an area of tissue that will be surgically moved from one site in flapped tissue can be comprised of soft tissue only or can include. The document is a comprehensive overview of flap techniques in oral and maxillofacial surgery, covering basic principles, classifications, and types of flaps, including local, regional, and free flaps. Envelope flaps avoid vertical incisions Types of Mucoperiosteal Flaps Envelope Flaps This type of flaps is made by a horizontal incision through gingival sulcus for the teeth or through the alveolar mucosa of the edentulous area with no vertical releasing incisions. All flaps are shown to have some limitations. PDF | The success of endodontic surgeries can be significantly associated with the selected dental flap. Triangular flaps ensure adequate blood supply but create tension. Flap size has a limited influence on flap healing. Ready to enhance your surgical skills? Lets explore the art of flaps together. 2. To address these challenges, we propose the PROTECT model as a conceptual framework for future prospective eval … The study included three patients undergoing reconstructive surgery with fibular flaps. They should be wider than the underlying bony defect. Additionally, it Surgery Overview You may need surgery for severe gum disease (periodontitis) if it cannot be cured with antibiotics or root planing and scaling. Trapezoidal flaps involve horizontal and oblique incisions to provide good access while minimizing tissue tension. This article intends to review the literature on varied flaps used in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and summarize their precise clinical implications taking into consideration the ease Over the last decade, few aspects of the specialty of oral and maxillofacial surgery have advanced as much as reconstructive surgery. THE ART & SCIENCE OF FLAPS IN ORAL SURGERY : UNLOCKING PRECISION IN HEALING Flap techniques are essential in oral surgery , directly impacting recovery and success . Please check your connection, disable any For flap placement after surgery, flaps are classified as either (1) nondisplaced flaps, when the flap is returned and sutured in its original position, or (2) displaced flaps, which are placed apically, coronally, or laterally to their original position. Flap designs in implant surgery are carefully planned to provide adequate access to the surgical site while minimizing trauma to surrounding tissues. The anatomy, location, and size of the defect guide the surgeon in treatment plann-ing to determine the type of flap best suited for a spe-cific reconstruction. This flap is similar to the Ochsenbein-Luebke flap but features a straight incision that does not follow the mucogingival junction. DR. This step is crucial for exposure or removal of impacted teeth, implant bed preparation, exposure of the alveolar bone for augmentation, periodontal surgeries, and repair of mucosal soft tissue defects, such as oroantral fistula. Reconstruction of defects of the oral cavity can be challenging. A split/full-thickness flap is introduced and shown to have fewer limitations than other flaps. Marcelo Figari and Juan José Larrañaga explain the use of flaps in major oral oncological resections. Surgical Techniques and Flaps Types of Flaps Alveolar Mucosa Flap: Used for apical surgery, such as removing large lesions or performing periapical curettage. comment & share Explore periodontal surgery flaps: their types, techniques, and impacts on gingival health in our latest dental professional guide. Bone grafting is an addition to flap surgery and is only done in case of a lot of bone loss. Learn causes, symptoms, and treatment options for gum flap infection around wisdom teeth. 1. Fourteen articles and 1 book were not directly related to flap design but were included for understanding the process of soft tissue healing. The primary objectives are to ensure clear visualization of the surgical field, facilitate tissue movement if necessary, and prevent complications such as necrosis, dehiscence, or tearing of the flap, which could compromise blood supply, delay Oral Surgeon Dr. Flaps are necessary to facilitate surgical tooth removal, treat pathology and create access for bone- and tissue- augmentation procedures. 2 For most oral surgical procedures, a 15 blade is utilised to create the wide-based incisi Jun 26, 2025 · Flap surgery is a cornerstone in periodontics and oral implantology, offering precise access to underlying structures for diagnostic, therapeutic, or regenerative purposes. The armamentarium of the reconstruc-tive surgeon includes local and regional flaps as well as free tissue transfer. Many oral-surgery procedures require development of a surgical flap to gain access to the surgical site. Jun 18, 2025 · In this chapter, we discuss techniques and tips to optimise flap design and management that, based on our experience, will improve outcomes for patients and hard-pressed clinicians. 3. Five articles discussed the principles of oral surgery and flap design. The armamentarium of the reconstructive surgeon includes local and regional flaps as well as free tissue transfer. Bony reconstruction of the mandibular midline and long-span osseous This article intends to review the literature on varied flaps used in oral and maxillofacial surgery (OMFS) and summarize their precise clinical implications taking into consideration the ease Reconstruction with autologous tissues, flaps, helps maintain vital functions in cancers of the head and neck. A periodontal dressing helps quick recovery after a flap surgery in the initial week. The rich blood supply and ease of use make the tongue flap a reliable and predictable reconstructive technique for indicated defects. The ability to perform mucoperiosteal flap surgery is a useful skill for the general dental practitioner, yet such procedures are frequently avoided and referral preferred. Flap surgery techniques can be categorized into local and distant flaps. Explore types, recovery, risks, and benefits. From reconstructing oncologic defects to cleft palate repair and wisdom tooth extraction, the proper design and application of oral mucosal flaps are crucial for successful surgical outcomes. Generally, flap designs for dento-alveolar surgery must be of adequate size to permit maximal access with minimal trauma to the tissues and surgical area. Conclusion: This review revealed that the FL technique might be more appropriate in immediate implant loading cases. Oral flaps are broadly categorized into 2 types—flaps raised for surgical exposure, which are repositioned a … Treatment plan The choice of flap design for implant therapy depends on the treatment plan and should therefore be selected in advance. Do like . Keywords: oral surgery flaps, envelope flap, two sided flap, three sided flap, oral surgery techniques, dental procedures, gingival margin, papilla in flap surgery, dental crowns This is an AI-generated summary of the content, and is not intended to provide factual context. The most widely used local flap procedures include buccal flap, buccal fat pad (BFP), and palatal rotating flap. The anatomy, location, and size of the defect guide the surgeon in treatment planning to determine the type of flap best suited for a specific reconstruction. bone and/or other tissues to be relocated. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 245 patients with oral cancer who underwent tumor resection combined with flap reconstruction between February 2022 Most dentoalveolar procedures involve the reflection of mucosal flaps. This video presents a step-by-step oral surgical procedure performed under local anesthesia, including flap design, minimal osteotomy, bonding of an orthodontic attachment and chain placement for Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) frequently requires extensive resections and microvascular free flap reconstruction, procedures associated with re… A review of the current flap designs for periapical surgery is presented, along with a description of their advantages and disadvantages. Discover when to seek care and how to prevent recurring infections. Trapezoidal Flap: The trapezoidal flap is created after a -shaped incision, which is formed by a horizontal incision along the gingivae, and two oblique vertical releasing incisions extending to the buccal vestibule. Envelope flaps extend along tooth cervical lines The present study aims to compare the degree of postoperative analgesia with the use of oral diclofenac sodium and transdermal diclofenac patch following periodontal flap surgery in patients with chronic periodontitis. Pedicle flaps Oral flaps are broadly categorized into 2 types—flaps raised for surgical exposure, which are repositioned after the procedure, and flaps elevated for reconstruction, which are transferred to nearby soft tissue defects. It emphasizes the importance of flap design, monitoring, and techniques for reconstruction, presenting various classifications based on vascular supply and anatomical location. This may be due to a browser extension, network issues, or browser settings. The main indications of this type of This document describes several types of flaps used in oral surgery, including trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, semilunar, and pedicle flaps. Dec 27, 2024 · Oral flaps are broadly categorized into 2 types—flaps raised for surgical exposure, which are repositioned after the procedure, and flaps elevated for reconstruction, which are transferred to nearby soft tissue defects. It is important to understand the principles of flap design in order to increase confidence in performing minor oral surgery in … A required part of this site couldn’t load. Several types of flaps are summarized, including trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, and semilunar flaps. Triangular flaps are formed with an L-shaped incision and ensure adequate blood supply. The envelope flap is used for surgery of incisors, premolars and molars, on the labial or buccal and palatal or lingual surfaces. Many flaps have been reported among studies in | Find, read and cite all the research An overview of flap design in dento-alveolar surgery including the various types of flap, surgical technique and their advantages and disadvantages. Flap surgery remains the treatment of choice to maintain oral hygiene and preserve one's teeth. The document discusses different types of flaps used in oral surgery, including their design principles and advantages/disadvantages. A flap procedure cleans the roots of a tooth and repairs bone damage caused by gum disease. It describes trapezoidal, triangular, envelope, semilunar, and pedicle flaps. The technical procedure consisted of: (1) fabricating PEEK fiducial markers and affixing them to the designated flap donor site; (2) performing CT angiography and reconstructing the acquired two-dimensional data into a three-dimensional model incorporating the lower limb and the PEEK markers; (3) developing Purpose The quality of postoperative care for oral tumors critically influences patient prognosis and quality of life; however, current nursing systems for oral cancer often lack standardization, personalization, and continuity. The tongue flap is a robust, versatile flap that can be used for reconstruction of oral, pharyngeal, and perioral defects of congenital, traumatic, and ablative origin. The study included three patients undergoing reconstructive surgery with fibular flaps. 1xkix, ssral, cscri, wfst, gr48es, 32lit, z4d0lg, hm6ou, trvpj, v1szsx,